Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) German writer and philosopher. Nietzsche was born in the Prussian provinces of Silesia and educated in classical languages and literatures.
He was appointed Professor of Classical Philology at Basel when only 24. By the time he was obliged by poor health to retire, a mere ten years later (in 1879), he had emancipated himself from two early influences – Schopenhauer and Richard Wagner (1813–83) – and his initial philological and cultural concerns had turned in a philosophical direction. During the next decade, despite debilitating health problems, Nietzsche managed to author a dozen books – volumes of aphorisms and polemics, collections of philosophical essays, and the literary-philosophical masterpiece Thus Spoke Zarathustra. He also kept notebooks in which he wrote extensively, leaving a great deal of material the significance of which is highly controversial. In early 1889 he suffered a complete physical and mental collapse, from which he never recovered, and lingered on in invalid insanity until his death in 1900.
Nietzsche’s reception in philosophy has been adversely affected by his appropriation and distortion by Nazi ideologists, by his hostility to much of the philosophical tradition, and by his unconventional style. …
-This article is about Nietzsche’ ideas about metaphysics, which was translated into Persian by Sedigheh Bayat.
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