Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804) Often regarded as the greatest of the modern philosophers, Kant spent most of his life in
or near the East Prussian city of Königsberg.
His contributions to metaphysics occur mainly in the first of his three Critiques, the Critique of Pure Reason (1781; 2nd edn., 1787).
In the prefaces to the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant characterized metaphysics as previously practiced as a “battlefield of . . . endless controversies” (A viii) in which “no participant ha[s] ever yet succeeded in gaining even so much as an inch of territory” (B xv). Metaphysicians had failed to reach secure results, he suggested, because they had sought to attain knowledge of objects (such as God and the soul) that could never be given in experience. In order for meta physics to enter upon “the secure path of a science”, it would have to concern itself henceforth only with objects of possible experience. Transcendent metaphysics (as he called the old unsuccessful variety) would have to give way to immanent metaphysics (whose principles apply only within the world of experience). …
-This article is about Kant’ ideas about metaphysics, which was translated into Persian by Sedigheh Bayat.
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